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When a printed circuit board (PCB) includes a power plane that is near to signal traces or other power planes, there is a significant risk of energy transfer between parts of the system. Not only does this coupling lead to power switching noise being transferred into data signals, it also means that power supply systems may demonstrate additional resonances that are not seen in the individual components. This can affect the power integrity of the PCB and may reduce its speed or reliability. This paper will explore some of the potential power integrity issues that can affect a PCB and explain how simulation can be used to help reduce these effects. 詳細下載.. |
Modern MRI systems are highly complex devices, and the interaction between the body and MRI coils introduces additional challenges into the design process. The body, with its complicated heterogeneous interior, causes major disturbance to the homogeneity of the magnetic fields, while energy absorbed by the body can cause harmful heating. Experimental measurement of these effects is often impossible, but simulation with 3D body models can help the engineer identify risks to the patient and suggest ways to reduce them. . 詳細下載.. |
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Ensuring good Signal Integrity (SI) in high-speed communication PCBs is becoming more challenging as layouts become more complex, the number of layers increases and the boards get smaller. A full-wave three dimensional (3D) electromagnetic simulator can be used to simulate and visualize the propagation of electromagnetic fields across PCBs. This article will describe how CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® can be successfully used to characterize the response of high-speed channels, and how typical SI results such as S-parameters, Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) data and eye diagrams can be numerically calculated to predict the response of a channel. The article will also discuss how to modify layouts in order to improve channel performance, and provide some design guidelines. 詳細下載.. |
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The magnetrons used in microwave ovens operate on the same frequency band as Wi-Fi equipment, and the radiation they release can interfere with the operation of wireless networks. This paper presents a multiphysics simulation of a magnetron using CST STUDIO SUITE®, with the aim of testing the electrical, magnetic, thermal and mechanical characteristics of a low-interference magnetron design. The simulation results are then compared to measurements made experimentally, and the two sets of results are shown to be in good agreement. 詳細下載.. |
This whitepaper gives a general overview on different concepts of photonic crystal cavities. Important figures such as the transmission, the mode volume and the quality factor are discussed. The presented information will help the reader to decide which type of photonic crystal cavities will be most suited for the application in view. A design example for a WDM channel filter is given in order to illustrate the design process for a photonic crystal cavity. Furthermore two experimental examples from recent research are shown to demonstrate the wide range of applications in which photonic crystal cavities could be used. 詳細下載.. |
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Impedance matching is an essential part of antenna design. The input impedance of an antenna needs to be reasonably close to the amplifier impedance (e.g. 50 Ohm), otherwise the signal is reflected back to the amplifier and not radiated by the antenna. In many applications matching circuits consisting of discrete inductors and capacitors, or transmission lines are used to improve the impedance matching characteristics of the antenna. This white paper discusses the optimization of matching circuits especially to antenna applications. Although the design of matching circuits sounds simple, there are many practical considerations that need to be addressed. 詳細下載.. |
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The presence of multiple communication antennas on a tower means that antennas may have to be installed in sub-optimal positions. Electromagnetic simulation can be used to design the antennas themselves, and also to optimise the positioning of the antennas on the tower. This article will describe how multiple solvers in CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® can be combined to predict where to install an omnidirectional stacked bicone antenna array to minimise loss of omnidirectionality. 詳細下載.. |
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In this paper a modular approach using the so-called System Assembly and Modeling (SAM) of CST STUDIO SUITE® is used to optimize a reflector antenna system in a piecewise manner. The results are compared to a full system simulation. It is shown that a similar accuracy to that of the full system simulation can be attained with the modular approach with a much shorter simulation time and using less computational resources. 詳細下載.. |